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Steering wheel

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HistoryThe first automobiles were steered with a tiller, but in 1894 Alfred Vacheron took part in the Paris-Rouen race with a Panhard 4hp model which he had fitted with a steering wheel.. That is believed to be one of the earliest employments of the principle. From 1898 the Panhard et Levassor cars were equipped as standard with steering wheels. C S Rolls introduced the first car in Britain fitted with a steering wheel when he imported a 6 hp Panhard from France in 1898. Arthur Constantin Krebs replaced the tiller with an inclined steering wheel for the Panhard car he designed for the Paris-Amsterdam race which ran from the 7th to 13th of July 1898. In 1899 Packard used a steering wheel on the second car they built. Within a decade, the steering wheel had entirely replaced the tiller in automobiles. Passenger carsNon safety steering wheel in a Chrysler Airflow from the 1930s. The steering wheel is rigid and the steering column is non collapsible, thus increasing the risk of impaling the driver in case of crashSteering wheels for passenger automobiles are generally circular, and are mounted to the steering column by a hub connected to the outer ring of the steering wheel by one or more spokes (single spoke wheels being a rather rare exception). Other types of vehicles may use the circular design, a butterfly shape, or some other shape. In countries where cars must drive on the left side of the road, the steering wheel is typically on the right side of the car (right-hand drive or RHD); the converse applies in countries where cars drive on the right side of the road (left-hand drive or LHD).Besides its use in steering, the steering wheel is the usual location for a button to activate the car’s horn. Additionally, many modern automobiles may have other controls, such as cruise control and audio system controls built into the steering wheel to minimize the extent to which the driver must take his hands off the wheel.In 1968 in the United States regulations (FMVSS Standard No. 204) were edited concerning the acceptable rearward movement of the steering wheel in case of crash. Collapsible steering columns were required to meet that Standard.Power steering gives the driver an easier means by which the steering of a car can be accomplished. Modern power steering have almost universally relied on a hydraulic system, although electrical systems are steadily replacing this technology. Mechanical power steering systems (ex. Studebaker, 1952) have been invented, but their weight and complexity negate the benefits that they provide.While other methods of steering passenger cars have resulted from experiments, none have been deployed as successfully as the steering wheel. Other designsA modern Formula One car’s steering wheel has buttons and knobs to control various functions as well as gauges and other important items normally found on a Dashboard.The steering wheel is centrally located on certain high-performance sports cars, such as the McLaren F1, and in the majority of single-seat racing cars.As a driver may have his hands on the steering wheel for hours at a time these are designed with ergonomics in mind. However, the most important concern is that the driver can effectively convey torque to the steering system; this is especially important in vehicles without power steering or in the rare event of a loss of steering assist. A typical design for circular steering wheels is a steel or magnesium rim with a plastic or rubberized grip molded over and around it. Some drivers purchase vinyl or textile steering wheel covers to enhance grip or comfort, or simply as decoration. Another device used to make steering easier is the brodie knob.A similar device in aircraft is the yoke. Water vessels not steered from a stern-mounted tiller are directed with the ship’s wheel, which may have inspired the concept of the steering wheel. Adjustable steering wheelsTilt WheelDeveloped by Edward James Lobdell, the seven position Tilt Wheel was made available in several General Motors products in 1963. Originally a luxury option on cars, the tilt function helps to adjust the steering wheel by moving the wheel through an arc in an up and down motion. Tilt Steering Wheels rely upon a ratchet joint located in the steering column just below the steering wheel. By disengaging the ratchet lock, the wheel can be adjusted upward or downward while the steering column remains stationary below the joint. Some designs place the pivot slightly forward along the column, allowing for a fair amount of vertical movement of the steering wheel with little actual tilt, while other designs place the pivot almost inside the steering wheel, allowing adjustment of the angle of the steering wheel with almost no change it its height.Telescope WheelDeveloped by General Motors Saginaw Steering Gear Division, the telescoping wheel can be adjusted to an infinite number of positions in a 3-inch range. The Tilt and Telescope steering wheel was introduced as an exclusive option on Cadillac automobiles in 1965.Adjustable Steering ColumnIn contrast, an adjustable steering column allows steering wheel height to be adjusted with only a small, useful change in tilt. Most of these systems work with compression locks or electric motors instead of ratchet mechanisms; the latter may be capable of moving to a memorized position when a given driver uses the car, or of moving up and forward for entry or exit.Swing-away Steering WheelIntroduced on the 1961 Ford Thunderbird, and made available on other Ford products throughout the 1960s, the Swing-away steering wheel allowed the steering wheel to move nine inches to the right when the transmission selector was in Park, so as to make driver exit and entry easier. UsageThe steering wheel should be used with strategic movements of the hand and wrist in spinning motions. Caution and care should be used to ensure safety of the extremities. The constant motions used must be performed with caution. Remember to follow the “Handy rule” Which states “Proper posture of the hand-arm system while using hand tools is very important. As a rule the wrist should not be bent, but must be kept straight to avoid overexertion of such tissues as tendons and tendon sheaths and compression of nerves and blood vessels.”1The act of turning the steering wheel while the vehicle is stationary is called dry steering. It is generally advised to avoid dry steering as it puts strain on the steering mechanism and causes undue wear of the tires. Buttons and controls on the steering wheelThe first button added to the steering wheel was a switch to activate the car’s electric horn. Traditionally located on the steering wheel hub or center pad, the horn switch was sometimes placed on the spokes or activated via a decorative horn ring which obviated the necessity to move a hand away from the rim. A further development, the Rim Blow steering wheel, integrated the horn switch into the steering wheel rim itself.When speed control systems were introduced in the 1960s, some automakers located the operating switches for this feature on the steering wheel. In the 1990s, a proliferation of new buttons began to appear on automobile steering wheels. Remote or alternate adjustments for the audio system, the telephone and voice control, acoustic repetition of the last navigation instruction, infotainment system, and on board computer functions can be operated comfortably and safely using buttons on the steering wheel. This ensures a high standard of additional safety since the driver is able in this way to control and operate many systems without even taking hands off the wheel or eyes off the road.The scroll buttons can be used to set volume levels or page through menus.Steering wheel audio control can use universal interfaces and adapters. The buttons can be adjusted manually for reach and height. Gaming imitationsMain article: Video game controller#Steering wheelCertain game controllers available for arcade cabinets, personal computers and console games are designed to look and feel like a steering wheel and intended for use in racing games. The cheapest ones are just paddle controllers with a larger wheel, but most today’s examples employ force feedback to simulate the tactile feedback a real driver feels from a steering wheel. This contributes to steering “feel” and is one of the hallmarks of a true “driver’s car” or sports car. See alsoWikimedia Commons has media related to: Steering wheelsSteering wheel (ship)Dry steeringIR controlRemote controlTraffic directionality Notes^ “Reinvent The Wheel”. infoChachkie. http://www.infochachkie.com/wheel/. Retrieved 2009-12-08. ^ Source: the book “The World on Wheels – Volume I” by H.O.Duncan, printed in Paris 1927, page 456-457, picture of the Vacheron-Car at page 457)^ http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?image=10318524&wwwflag=2&imagepos=13^ [dead link]^ “Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations”. Nhtsa.dot.gov. http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/rules/import/FMVSS/#SN204. Retrieved 2009-12-08. ^ “Universal steering wheel audio control interface”. Tradekey.com. 2009-04-15. http://www.tradekey.com/selloffer_view/id/121556.htm. Retrieved 2009-12-08. ^ “DIY for Steering Wheel Removal and Steering Wheel Audio Control Unit Install – Page 6 – MY350Z.COM Forums”. My350z.com. http://my350z.com/forum/body-interior-exterior-and-lighting-diy/77855-diy-for-steering-wheel-removal-and-steering-wheel-audio-control-unit-install-6.html. Retrieved 2009-12-08.  References1 Kroemer, K. (2001). Ergonomics. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0137524781. v  d  eAutomotive designPart of the Automobile seriesBodyFrameworkAutomobile platform  Body-on-frame  Bumper  Cabrio coach  Chassis  Continental tire  Crumple zone  Dagmar bumpers  Decklid  Fender  Fender skirts  Grille  Hood  Hood scoop  Monocoque  Overhang  Pillar  Pontoon fenders  Quarter panel  Shaker scoop  Spoiler  Subframe  TonneauCompartmentsTrunk/Boot/Dickie  Hood/BonnetDoorsButterfly doors  Canopy door  Gull-wing door  Scissor doors  Sliding doors  Suicide doorGlassGreenhouse  Power window  Quarter glass  Sunroof  Windshield/Windscreen  Windshield/Windscreen wiperOtherBumper sticker  Curb feeler  Hood ornament  Japan Black paint  Monsoonshield  Nerf bar  Tire/Tyre  Tow hitch  Truck accessoryExteriorequipmentLightingDaytime running lamp  Headlamp  Hidden headlamps  High-intensity discharge lamps  Retroreflector  Sealed beam  TrafficatorsLegal and otherMotor vehicle theft  Parking sensors  Vanity plate  Vehicle Identification Number  Vehicle registration plate  Vehicle horn   Windshield/Windscreen washer fluid  Wing mirrorInteriorequipmentInstrumentsBackup camera  Boost gauge  Buzzer  Carputer  Electronic instrument cluster  Fuel gauge  Global Positioning System and Automotive navigation system  Head-up display  Idiot light  Malfunction Indicator Lamp  Night vision  Odometer  Radar detector  LIDAR detector  Speedometer  Tachometer  Trip computerControlsBowden cable  Cruise control  Electronic throttle control  Gear stick  Hand brake  Manettino dial  Steering wheel  ThrottleTheft deterrenceAutomatic vehicle location  Car alarm  Immobiliser   Power door locks  VIN etchingSafety & seatingAirbag  Armrest  Automatic seat belts  Bench seat  Bucket seat  Child safety lock  Rumble seat  Seat beltOtherAir conditioning  Automobile accessory power  Car audio  Car phone  Center console  Dashboard  Flat tire  Glove compartment  RF connector  Power steering  Rear-view mirror  Sun visorPortal  Category Categories: Auto parts | Control devices | 1899 introductions | Vehicle technologyHidden categories: All articles with dead external links | Articles with dead external links from December 2009 | Articles needing additional references from June 2008 | All articles needing additional references | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from June 2008

Audi A1 1.4 TFSI S-Line: Hinting at better things to come
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A seven-speed S-tronic dual-clutch gearbox is the only choice, while drive is to the front wheels. The obligatory shift paddles allow manual gear shifts, but you can also opt to drive in full auto mode. However, compared to other performance Audis, …

Allow Wheels question by Kinloch K: How do I clean old allow car wheels?

Sorry, Old alloy wheels.

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Answer by anotherxyz
Try a “Mothers” Polishing ball it attaches to the end of a power drill and you can get it at ACE Hardware